日本の看護における「安楽」—Rodgersのアプローチによる概念分析

"Anraku" in Japanese Nursing: Concept Analysis Using Rodgers' Approach

要旨

　目的：概念は時代とともに変化するため，安楽の特徴も変化が生じている可能性がある．本研究は安楽の記述がある文献を用いて，日本の看護における安楽の経時的な変化を明らかにし，安楽を定義することを目的とした．

　方法：Rodgers＆Knafl（2000）の概念分析方法を用いた．安楽の経時的な変化は1973年から2020年までの84文献，概念の属性，先行要件，帰結は2008年から2020年までの38文献を対象に分析した．

　結果：身体的，精神的側面から捉えられていた安楽が，全人的側面から捉えられるようになった．属性は「緩和された」「快い」「自分らしさがある」が同定された．日本の看護における安楽は，患者が緩和された，快い，自分らしさがあると感じることと定義された．

　結論：時代とともに変化してきた現在の安楽の特徴を明示できた．安楽の属性，先行要件，帰結はアセスメントの視点や目標として活用できる．

　Aim: Concepts evolve over time. Therefore, the characteristics of the concept "Anraku" may have changed as well. This study aims to identify the evolution of "Anraku" in Japanese nursing and its definition in literature.

　Methods: The concept analysis method described by Rodgers ＆ Knafl(2000) was used to analyze the data. The analysis of changes in "Anraku" over time was observed by 84 references between 1973 to 2020, and the attributes, antecedents, and consequences of the concepts were examined by 38 references from 2008 to 2020.

　Results: Initially, it was perceived to be as the physical and psychological aspects of patients; however, later, it was later perceived more holistically. Three attributes of "Anraku" were identified: "relief," "pleasantness," and "individuality." In Japanese nursing, "Anraku" is defined as a patient's feeling of relief, pleasantness and their "individuality."

　Conclusions: The current characteristics of "Anraku," which have evolved over time, were revealed. We believe that the attributes, antecedents, and consequences of "Anraku" can be utilized as assessment perspectives and nursing goals.