最新臨床試験から考える脳腫瘍の治療戦略

Treatment strategies for brain tumors based on the latest clinical trials

近年，次世代シーケンサーをはじめとする遺伝子解析技術の発展により，脳腫瘍発生に関わる遺伝子変化の解明が急速に進んだ。従来の組織学的分類から分子分類が導入され，脳腫瘍の分類が大きく変化した。脳腫瘍は希少疾患で国内の単施設での治療開発が困難であり，欧米に比較して脳腫瘍のセンター化が進んでいない国内の治療開発は遅滞していた。近年，国内の多施設で大きな臨床試験を実施できる体制が整い，標準治療の開発を目的にした複数の臨床試験が実施されている。そこで，本稿では，国内外の臨床試験状況から，脳腫瘍の最新の治療戦略について解説する。

In recent years, the development of genetic analysis techniques has led to rapid progress in elucidating the genetic alterations involved in brain tumor development. As a result, the classification of brain tumors has changed significantly. However, because brain tumors are a rare disease, it is difficult to develop treatment at a single center in Japan, and treatment development in Japan has been slower than in Europe and the United States. However, in recent years, a system has been established to conduct large clinical trials at multiple centers in Japan, and multiple clinical trials are being conducted with the aim of developing standard treatments. In the future, it is expected that treatment development according to changes in brain tumor classification internationally will progress at an early stage, and it is necessary to plan and conduct clinical trials according to the new brain tumor classification in Japan as soon as possible.