在宅パーキンソン病患者の災害時要援護者登録に関する研究

Behavior of homecare patients with Parkinson's disease in registering for assistance during disasters

要約

【目的】在宅パーキンソン病患者の災害時要援護者名簿への登録行動に焦点をあてて、ヘルスビリーフモデル（HBM）を参考に登録行動に関連する要因を明らかにする。

【方法】東日本地域８県のパーキンソン病友の会会員全数978人を対象に、無記名郵送自記式質問紙調査を2013年３〜９月に実施した。

【結果】有効回答308人（31.5％）を分析対象とした。二値ロジスティック回帰分析の結果、登録の有無にはHBMの媒介要因である「災害時要援護登録制度を知っている」「在宅サービスを利用している」「男性」、「行動のきっかけ：今まで登録を促す他者からの働きかけや情報がある」「有益性：登録をすることによって避難支援を受けることができると思う」が有意に影響していた。「罹患性」「重大性」「脅威の認識」「登録に伴う障害」は関連が認められなかった。

【結論】登録を促進させるためには、災害時用援護者登録の知識、民生委員や町内会、福祉関係者等を通じた個人的な勧め、登録で得られる有益性を提示することが有効であることが示唆された。

Objective: To use the health belief model (HBM) for the identification of factors affecting the behavior of homecare patients with Parkinson's disease in regard to registration for assistance during disasters.

Methods: Anonymous self-reporting questionnaires were mailed to all 978 Japan Parkinson's Disease Association members in eight prefectures of eastern Japan between March and September 2013.

Results: A total of 308 valid responses (31.5%) were analyzed. The results of two-value logistic regression analysis showed that whether individuals registered or not was significantly affected by the modifying factors of the HBM. Specifically, these were “knowledge of the registration system for individuals requiring assistance during disasters,”“use of homecare services,”“male,”“trigger: received approaches or information encouraging registration from others,” and “benefit: believe that evacuation support can be received by registering.” No relationships were observed for “morbidity,”“importance,”“recognition of threat” or “impairment associated with registration.”

Conclusion: Factors considered effective in promoting registration were: knowledge regarding registration for assistance during disasters; personal recommendations through social workers, neighborhood associations, welfare personnel, etc.; and presentation of registration benefits.