小規模離島の台風被災者のニーズに関する研究

Research on the Needs of Typhoon Disaster Victims on a Small Remote Islan

要約

【目的】小離島の台風被災者のヘルスケアニーズの変化を時系列で明らかにする。

【方法】2001年9月に台風16号災害により災害救助法の適応を受けた沖縄県離島のT村で、被災半年後に半構成的質問紙を用いて被災住民19名から聞き取り調査を行った。聞き取った情報からヘルスケアニーズについて暴風警報発令前、暴風警報発令中、避難所生活中、仮設住宅生活および復旧期の時系列で被災状況別に分析した。

【結果】1）暴風警報発令中は生命の安全が最優先された。2）ライフラインの被害によって飲食、排泄の生理的なニーズが存在した。3）睡眠、休息に関するニーズはすべての時期を通して存在した。4）暴風警報が発令される前、警報中、避難所での生活中に家族や近隣者と台風に関する連絡を取っていた。5）仮設住宅入居・復旧生活の時期に、経済的なニーズ、信仰に関するニーズが現れていた。

Abstract

【Purpose】This study is to clarify the changing healthcare needs of typhoon victims over time.

【Method】Nineteen residents of Village A in Okinawa Prefecture, who became victims of Typhoon No.16 in September 2001, were interviewed between February 15th and 18th, 2002. The interviews were conducted in a semi-structured questioning style.

　The healthcare needs of typhoon disaster victims differ as they progress through the four different stages of a disaster: before the storm warning, during the storm warning, life in the emergency evacuation shelter, and life in temporary housing and the return to daily life.

【Result】1)During the storm warning an emphasis was placed on preservation of life. 2)During the destruction to lifelines stage/phase, there was an immediate need among victims for food, water, sanitation and hygiene. 3)The need for sleep and relaxation was present throughout all the stages. 4)The victims had opportunities to contact family and neighbors about the typhoon before the storm warning was issued, while the storm warning was in effect, while they were in the emergency evacuation shelters. 5)The victims faced financial and religious needs during their stay in temporary housing and the returning to daily life.