糖尿病看護における実践能力育成のための評価指標の開発（1）―実践能力の明確化と評価項目の抽出

Development of Evaluation Index for Nurturing Practical Ability of Diabetes Care Nurses (1): Defining Practical Ability and Extracting the Evaluation Items

　本研究の目的は，糖尿病看護における実践能力育成のための評価指標の開発に向けて，糖尿病看護における実践能力を明確化し，評価項目を抽出することである．認定看護師教育専門課程糖尿病看護学科を修了した看護師40名を対象に，「糖尿病看護の実践とは」についてフォーカスグループインタビューによりデータ収集し分析し，専門家会議にて洗練した．実践的役割は，【患者に看護援助を提供する役割】，【医療専門職と協働する役割】，【スタッフの援助技術を高める役割】，【組織を介して活動する役割】，【自己啓発・自己研鑽に努める役割】の5個に大別された．実践能力は，思考の側面から《患者に対する専門家としての姿勢》，《自らの実践に向き合う姿勢》など15項目に，行動の側面から《患者の療養・学習環境の調整》，《限られた資源での活動》など16項目に，行動の結果の側面から《患者との援助関係の構築》，《スタッフの変化・反応》など11項目に洗練された．本研究では，糖尿病看護で実践経験を積み重ねている看護師の実践内容から忠実に実践能力を導くという帰納的方法を用いたことで，糖尿病看護の特徴を反映した評価項目を抽出できたと考える．

　The objectives of this study were to define the practical ability of nurses in the diabetes care field and to extract the evaluation items to development of the evaluation index for nurturing practical ability of diabetes care nurses. Method: 1. A group of 40 diabetes expert nurses were interviewed regarding their “clinical knowledge of diabetes nursing”and data were analyzed; 2. The evaluation items were refined by a group of experts. Results: 1. Practical roles include [role of providing patient with nursing assistance], [role of collaborating with medical professionals], [role of improving staff's assistance skill], [role of working in an organization], and [role of striving for self-education and self-study]; 2. Practical abilities include (1) fifteen items, such as “Attitude as a specialist toward patient,”and “Attitude toward their practice,”refined base on their thoughts, (2) sixteen items, such as “Adjustment of medical treatment and learning environment of patient”and “Practice with limited resources,”refined base on their actions, and (3) eleven items, such as “Developing interpersonal relationships”and “Change and reaction of staff,”refined base on the results of their actions. The evaluation items, which reflects the attributes of diabetes care nurses, was created by the inductive method of extracting practical ability reliably from the characteristics and roles of nurses who have extensive experience in the diabetes care field.