学習と神経活動—局在を超えて

Learning and Neural Activity: Beyond Localization

学習には2種類あるが，単純な反射を変える古典的条件づけの神経回路は，複雑な随意反応を変えるオペラント条件づけには適用できない。オペラント条件づけによる学習が進行する際，脳の広範な部位で，神経細胞の発火頻度や同期発火が多様に変化することがわかっている。また多くの部位の神経細胞の活動を，学習により自ら変化させることも可能である。複雑な随意反応を変える学習は，極めて広範な神経活動の動的変化かもしれない。

Abstract

Learning is classified into two types: “classical conditioning,” which modifies simple reflexes, and “operant conditioning,” which modifies complex voluntary behaviors. The neural circuits underlying these two types differ significantly. During the learning process of operant conditioning tasks, various changes in firing rate and firing synchrony of neurons can be observed across multiple brain regions. Additionally, neuronal firing rate and synchrony in several brain regions can be voluntarily controlled through operant conditioning. Consequently, it is evident that neurons in widespread brain regions have the potential for plastic changes to facilitate learning. It may be suggested that the learning of complex voluntary behaviors is underlined by widespread dynamic changes in neural activity and is not restricted to only a few brain regions.