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Discovery of insulin-deficient diabetes caused by abnormalities in transcription factors enriched in pancreatic β-cells and elucidation of the pathogenesis of the disease Kazuya YAMAGATA 1 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University pp.1118-1129
Published Date 2025/12/13
DOI https://doi.org/10.32118/ayu295111118
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Abstract

 Decreased insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells is a fundamental pathology of type 2 diabetes, which accounts for the majority of diabetes cases. However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. We have focused our research on maturity-onset diabetes of the young(MODY), a monogenic form of diabetes, as a model case to investigate the pathogenesis of impaired insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes. First, we performed positional cloning using MODY pedigrees and discovered that mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α(HNF1α)and HNF4α genes, which encode β-cell-enriched transcription factors, cause diabetes with impaired insulin secretion. Genetic analysis of MODY patients has shown that the HNF1α gene is the most common gene responsible for MODY. Functional analysis of the HNF mutants and genetically modified mutant mice revealed that these transcription factors play an essential role in insulin secretion by extensively regulating the expression of target genes in β-cells, including glucose transporter type 2(GLUT2)and collectrin. We also investigated the involvement of the HNF genes in common type 2 diabetes and found that the genetic variations in the HNF1α gene(G319S)and HNF4α(R127W and T130I)are associated with type 2 diabetes, suggesting that HNF genes are also involved in the insulin secretion defect in type 2 diabetes. These findings indicate that most mutations in the HNF genes that have a strong effect on transcriptional activities are associated with MODY, whereas coding variants within HNF genes that have a moderate effect on transactivation increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. The present study is the first to demonstrate that the transcription factors HNF1α and HNF4α play an important role in insulin secretion in humans, allowing early diagnosis and treatment of affected patients.


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電子版ISSN 印刷版ISSN 0039-2359 医歯薬出版

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