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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Intravenous Anesthetics in the Elderly Takuya OGAWA 1 , Shinju OBARA 1 1Department of Anesthesiology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine Keyword: anesthesia , aging , pharmacokinetics , pharmacodynamics , propofol pp.153-160
Published Date 2025/3/10
DOI https://doi.org/10.18916/masui.2025030006
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 Intravenous anesthetics’ pharmacokinetics(PK)and pharmacodynamics(PD)are generally determined based on the relationship between the dose and the plasma/effect-site concentration(for PK)and between the plasma/effect-site concentration and clinical effects(for PD). Aging is a clinically significant factor that affects both PK and PD. Age-related PK changes include increased body fat, decreased body water, and decreased cardiac output, thus decreasing the perfusion to metabolic organs. These factors alter drugs’ distribution, metabolism, and elimination, often resulting in relatively higher blood concentrations after their administration. Clinicians can benefit from a qualitative understanding and quantitative assessment using PK simulators. However, simulations using PK models that do not consider elderly patients require careful interpretation by anesthesiologists. For example, the Diprifusor target controlled infusion system with propofol, which is commonly used in Japan, may underestimate predicted blood concentrations in elderly patients compared to younger patients. Age related changes in PD manifest as increased central nervous system sensitivity to anesthetics. With growing evidence that excessive deep anesthesia may contribute to patients’ postoperative cognitive dysfunction, EEG monitoring has become increasingly important in the management of elderly patients. In addition, elderly patients are known to require reduced propofol and remifentanil doses due to age-related PK/PD changes. The PK of remimazolam appears to be less affected by aging. Nevertheless, regarding PD, recent studies suggest that elderly patients require relatively lower remimazolam effect-site concentrations compared to young patients.


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電子版ISSN 印刷版ISSN 0021-4892 克誠堂出版

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