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1995年の『Annals of Thoracic Surgery』に発表されたGinsbergらのLung Cancer Study Group(LCSG)8211)の結果により,末梢小型の非小細胞肺癌に対する標準治療は長らく肺葉切除と肺門縦隔リンパ節郭清もしくはサンプリングとされてきた.結果を少し繙くと,当時のclinical T1N0症例に対して肺葉切除と縮小手術(楔状切除+区域切除)の無作為化比較試験であり,全生存期間においてp=0.088と値としては0.05を下回っていないものの,3~4年を過ぎたあたりから生存曲線に差が認められ始める.さらに局所再発率は6%と18%であり,縮小手術群で3倍多く認められたことから,標準治療は肺葉切除と結論づけられた.その後よく指摘される問題点としては,サンプルサイズや追跡期間が不十分,当時の胸部単純X線像のみで判断された臨床病期,楔状切除が多くを占めていた,などがあがる.特に縮小手術を考えるうえでの臨床診断において,今日のCT検査と比較するというまでもなくその実際の腫瘍学的進行度が大きく異なる.
The result of prospective, randomized, controlled, trial, Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) 0802/West Japan Oncology Group (WJOG) 4607L, has been published in April 2022. The superiority in overall survival for patients who underwent segmentectomy for small sized peripheral non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (whole tumor size≤2 cm, C/T ratio>0.5) compared with those undergoing lobectomy has been demonstrated for the first time in the world. Segmentectomy might become a standard surgical procedure for such tumors. Consequently, the opportunity to perform segmentectomy will increase. Developing techniques for segmentectomy is an urgent issue for general thoracic surgeons because segmentectomy generally requires more advanced surgical technique than lobectomy. In particular, the radical segmentectomy is an anatomically limited resection with hilar and mediastinal lymph node dissection. That means anatomically accurate resection of the pulmonary segment. There are a lot of points to be mastered in operative indications based on tumor size, phenotype, and location, understandings of anatomy, surgical techniques, transition to lobectomy, and so on. In this article, we would like to share some tips on segmentectomy primarily focusing on the surgical techniques.
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