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日本病理剖検輯報に基づいた報告によると,深在性肺アスペルギルス症は近年増加傾向にあると報告され1),自己免疫疾患,間質性肺炎などステロイドを必要とする患者数の増加,癌患者に対する化学療法の発展と関連するものと考えられる.肺アスペルギルス症は深在性真菌症の中でも頻度が高く,外科的切除が必要となる機会も増加傾向にある.しかし,その病態は複雑で,診断・治療の困難さから治療のエビデンスが乏しいのが現状である2).2014年に発表された深在性真菌症の診断・治療ガイドラインに準じて,慢性肺アスペルギルス症(CPA)は単純性肺アスペルギローマ(SPA)と慢性進行性肺アスペルギルス症(CPPA)に分類される.SPAは手術が第一選択となり,CPPAは有害事象などの理由から抗真菌薬の投与が困難な症例,喀血・血痰を繰り返す症例などで手術が行われてきた.しかし,いずれも広範囲の胸膜への強固な癒着を呈することが多く,その際には大量出血,手術時間の延長など手術侵襲が高くなり,また気管支断端瘻や感染などの術後合併症リスクも高まる.われわれは当科で手術を行ったCPA例について,その治療方針の妥当性に関して後方視的に検討を行ったので報告する.
Introductions:The number of cases requiring surgical resection for pulmonary aspergillosis has increased in recent years.
Patients and methods:From April 2008 to March 2019, 10 patients underwent pulmonary resection for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) in our hospital.
Results:Five patients were diagnosed with simple pulmonary aspergilloma (SPA) and 5 were diagnosed with chronic progressive pulmonary aspergillosis (CPPA). The median age was 73 years, and 8 patients were men. A history of tuberculosis was present in 2 cases, diabetes was present in 3 cases, and prednisolone (PSL) administration was performed in 3 cases. The operative procedures included 1 pneumonectomy, 4 lobectomies, 1 segmentectomy, and 4 wedge resections. The median surgery time was 220.5 minutes, and the median blood loss was 301 ml, requiring perioperative transfusion in 2 cases. Postoperative pneumonia was observed in 2 cases. The median postoperative observation period was 11.5 months, and 6 out of 8 patients did not show postoperative recurrences.
Conclusions:Although patients with pulmonary aspergillosis have a high rate of underlying disease and it is necessary to pay attention to postoperative complications, it has been shown that surgery can be performed safely on these patients by selecting appropriate cases and surgical procedures.
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