東日本大震災で支援活動を展開した看護師の心理状況とその背景

Feelings, perceptions and backgrounds of nurses engaging in disaster relief activities after the Great East Japan Earthquake

要約

　本研究目的は、東日本大震災で支援活動を展開した看護師の心理状況を明らかにし、その背景を考察することである。研究方法は、災害支援ナースとして支援活動に参加した看護師10名に、半構造的インタビューを実施した。その結果、災害支援ナースの思いとして、(1)登録時は【災害看護への興味関心】【看護師としての使命感】等、(2)派遣要請時は【支援活動への不安】【参加できることへの感謝の気持ち】等、(3)支援活動中は【支援活動に対する不安感】【被災住民への罪悪感】等でそれぞれ4カテゴリー、(4)支援活動終了時は【支援活動への後悔】【終了したことへの安感】等が3カテゴリー抽出された。本研究より、支援者の心理状況の背景には、支援活動の経験や知識の不足、ストレスの蓄積、不明確な支援目的と役割、支援者に対する支援体制の不備が考えられ、災害準備期における教育の重要性が示唆された。

Abstract

　The purpose of this study was to clarify the feelings, perceptions and backgrounds ofnurses engaging in disaster relief activities after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 individuals who had performed relief activitiesas disaster support nurses. Analysis of the results was broken down as follows: (1)fourcategories relating to feelings leading to registration for disaster relief activities, such as "interest in disaster nursing", and "a sense of nursing responsibility;", (2)four categoriesrelating to feelings regarding requests for support, such as "anxiety about relief activities", and "gratefulness to be able to j oin;", (3)four categories relating to feelings experiencedduring relief activities, such as "concerns about the activities", and "a sense of guilt fordisaster victims;", and (4)three categories relating to feelings regarding the completion ofactivities, such as "regret about the activities", and "a sense of relief at having finished". Inconclusion, the study identified a lack of experience and knowledge of relief activities, anaccumulation of stress, a lack of clarity regarding the purpose and role of relief activities,and flaws in the support system for contributors in the background of feelings and percep-tions of disaster support nurses. These outcomes, highlighted the importance of educationduring non-disaster times.