長野県の介護老人保健施設に勤務する女性介護・看護職員の感情労働と自己効力感および職務継続意向の関係

Emotional Labour and Self-efficacy of Female Care and Nursing Staff Working at Long-term Care Health Facilities in Nagano Prefecture and Associations with Intention to Continue Working

要旨

　目的：継続的な就業を維持・促進するための人的マネジメントのあり方への示唆を得るために，長野県内の介護老人保健施設で働く女性の介護・看護職員の感情労働と自己効力感および職務継続意向の関係を明らかにした．

　方法：郵送自記式質問紙法で実施した．分析対象は554名（介護職333名，看護職221名）で，共分散構造分析を行った．

　結果：介護職では，『感情労働尺度日本語版』の「強度」と「感情への敏感さ」が職務継続意向と関係していた（GFI = .883, AGFI = .414）．しかし看護職では，感情労働，自己効力感ともに職務継続意向との関係性は確認できず，両職種間で相違がみられた．

　結論：結果をもとに人的マネジメントのあり方を検討した結果，介護職に対しては，若い職員が周囲に相談しやすい人的環境と教育システムを整備すること，看護職に対しては，ケア・就労環境や介護・看護職との協働体制の整備・強化の必要性が示唆された．

　Purpose: The purpose of the study was to clarify the associations between emotional labour and self-efficacy in female care and nursing staff working at long-term care health facilities in Nagano prefecture and intention to continue working in order to determine the ideal approach to personnel management for sustaining and encouraging continuous employment.

　Methods: Anonymous, self-administered questionnaires were sent by mail. Returned questionnaires from 554 female staff (333 care workers, 221 nurses) were processed by a covariance structure analysis for the causal model study.

　Results: Among care staff, the subscales of intensity and sensitivity in the Emotional Labour Scales Japanese version (ELS-J) were associated with intention to continue working (GFI = 0.883, AGFI = 0.414). However, no associations were observed between intention to continue working and either emotional labor or self-efficacy in nursing staff, revealing a difference between the two types of professionals.

　Conclusion: Consideration of the ideal approach to personnel management based on the results of this study suggests that care staff need development of a constructive work environment that allows young staff to easily seek advice and a training system, and that nursing staff need development and improvement of the caring work environment and a system for cooperation between nursing and care staff.