計画的行動理論に基づいた就労妊婦の身体活動におけるセルフケア行動

Self-care Behavior in Physical Activity of Employed Pregnant Women Based on the Planned Behavior Theory

要旨

　目的：計画的行動理論を用いて就労妊婦のセルフケア行動意図に影響する要因について明らかにする

　方法：正常経過でフルタイム勤務の初妊婦7名を対象に産前休暇（以下，産休）取得前後の身体活動に関するセルフケアについて半構成的面接を行い，計画的行動理論に基づき質的記述的に分析した

　結果：平均年齢は30.1歳，全員電車通勤であった．身体活動のセルフケアについて，産休前は仕事と妊娠の両立を図るため休息をとるという行動に対する態度と，母児の安全のために活動抑制を肯定する規範と活動を促進する2方向の主観的規範が認められた．妊娠という身体的要因や就労の環境的要因は，いずれも身体活動の阻害要因として位置づけられた．産休後は，様々な阻害要因が認められた．

　結論：就労妊婦は，身体活動のメリットを理解している一方で，就労と妊娠を両立させるために休息を意識的にとっている．特に産休後は阻害要因となる身体的・環境的要因が多様であり，個人の生活に合わせた支援体制が必要である．

　Purpose: To clarify self-care behavior, such as attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and physical/environment factors of employed pregnant women using the planned behavior theory.

　Methods: A semi-structured interview was conducted on self-care related to physical activity before and after taking maternity leave targeting seven primiparas who worked full-time and whose pregnancy progressed normally, and data were qualitatively descriptively analyzed based on the planned behavior theory.

　Result: The average age was 30.1 years, and each commuted in trains. About self-care of physical activity, attitude toward behavior to take a rest to balance work and pregnancy before maternity leave. As a subjective norm, there was two-way subjective norms which was norms for affirming restraint on activities for the safety of mothers and children and to promote activities was extracted. The physical factors of pregnancy and the environmental factors of employment all served as obstacles to physical activity. After maternity leave, various inhibiting factors were recognized.

　Conclusions: While employed pregnant women understand the benefits of physical activity, they consciously take rest to their balance work and pregnancy. Especially after maternity leave, physical and environmental factors that cause hindrance are diverse, and a support system tailored to the individual's life is necessary.