看護師におけるキャリア形成およびそれに影響を及ぼす要因

Career Formation in Nurses and Factors to Effect on It

要旨

　本研究は，看護職におけるキャリアを，家庭生活・職業生活全般のさまざまな立場や役割を通して培われた成人としての成熟性を基に看護職を継続できることと定義し，キャリア形成の仮説の検証，およびそれに影響を及ぼす要因を明らかにすることを目的とした．方法は，病院に勤務する看護師1000名を対象に，先行研究および看護師へのインタビューを基に作成した質問紙を用いて，「個人としての確立」「職業人としての確立」「家族との関わり」「職場・同僚との関わり」に関する調査を行い，併せて基本属性，勤務状況，職場環境，労働条件に対する満足度，職業継続意思について調査し，共分散構造分析により探索した．結果，「個人としての確立」「職業人としての確立」「家族との関わり」「職場・同僚との関わり」から構成された成人としての成熟性が職業継続につながるという仮説が検証された．キャリア形成に影響を及ぼす要因は，経験年数，労働条件に対する満足度，職場におけるモデルやメンターの存在であった．また，労働条件に対する満足度は職業継続意思に直接の影響を与えた．

Abstract

　The purpose of the present study was to verify our hypothesis of career in nurses and clarify the factors that have an influence on it. We define career formation in nurses as the ability to continue as a professional nurse based on mature characteristics as an adult, cultivated through the various roles and situations of family and working life. Subjects were 1,000 nurses working in a general hospital in a prefecture of Japan. Subjects were administered a questionnaire, which was created from the results of a previous study and interviews, measuring items related to “establishment as an individual,”“establishment as a professional,”“characteristics of family relations”and “characteristics related to working environment.”Basic attributes, duties, work environment, satisfaction with working condition, and the intention to continue working as a nurse were also investigated. Factors were analyzed using covariant structure analysis. The results verified that maturity as an adult, comprising “establishment as an individual,”“establishment as a professional,”“characteristics of family relations”and “characteristics related to working environment,”make continuity of nurse profession possible. Periods of working as a nurse, a degree of satisfaction for working conditions, and existence of professional model person or mentor in working environment related to career formation. The degree of satisfaction with working condition directly affected the intention to continue working as a nurse.