自閉スペクトラム症をもつ人に対する看護学生の原因帰属と支援行動意図

Attribution Model for Nursing Students with the Intention of Helping Individuals with Autism

要旨

　目的：本研究は，Weinerの帰属理論に基づき，自閉スペクトラム（ASD）者の困難場面に対する看護学生の原因帰属と支援行動意図との関連を明らかにすることを目的とした．

　方法：看護学生351人を対象に質問紙調査を実施した．ASD者の困難場面をヴィネットとして提示し，それに対する原因帰属（統制可能性）や感情（怒り・共感），支援行動意図についてたずねた．分析では，統制可能性が怒りや共感を介して支援行動意図に影響を及ぼすとする仮説モデルを設定し，検討した．

　結果：構造方程式モデリングの結果，仮説モデルはデータに適合していた．パス係数から，ASD者の困難場面に対する統制可能性認知が低い者ほど，共感が強く，支援行動意図が高いこと，一方，統制可能性認知が高い者ほど，怒りが強く，支援行動意図が低いことが示された．

　結論：ASD者の困難場面に対する看護学生の原因帰属，とりわけ統制可能性への介入がASD者への共感や支援行動の促進につながる可能性が示唆された．

　Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the relationship between controllability, a key attribution about the causality of behavior, and intention to help adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among nursing students.

　Methods: A total of 351 students from different nursing schools and universities were included in the study. An online survey utilizing a hypothetical vignette was conducted among nursing students after they read a vignette depicting the behavioral problems of adolescents with ASD.

　Results: In total, 227 participants completed the survey questionnaire (response rate: 64.6%), and 192 responses were analyzed. Results of the structural equation modeling showed that our hypothesized model adequately fits the data about the attribution theory (CFI = 0.943, TLI = 0.931, RMSEA = 0.072). Controllability was indirectly related to the intention of helping through sympathy and anger. Students who believed that the behavioral problems of adolescents with ASD are attributable to less controllable characteristics were more likely to have a stronger intention of helping.

　Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that interventions that alter nursing students' controllability of the behavioral problems of adolescents with ASD may foster feelings of sympathy and enhance the intention of helping.