褥瘡予防に関する基礎的研究―［Ⅰ］仙骨部における体圧分布測定について

Basic Studies on the Prevention of Decubitus Sore：［Ⅰ］Measurement of Body Pressure in the Region of Sacrum

要旨

1．褥瘡好発部位の体圧，皮膚温，湿度の経時的変化を知るための測定方法について検討を進めてきた結果，「体圧分布測定装置」を考案した．本装置によれば体圧20点，温度6点，湿度4点の計30点を同時に，10秒間隔で，10時間連続測定記録することが可能ある．

2．仙骨部の体圧分布状況を知るために，健康な成人女子9名を対象に，腰部の体圧分布測定を実施した．ヤコビー線を基準に1列に20chを配置した圧力センサを2cmずつずらし，横40cm×縦30cmを測定範囲として計300点について計測した．

3．腰部体圧分布は仙骨部に近いほど高く，仙骨部から遠ざかるほど低い傾向を示した．100g/cm2以上を仙骨部体圧としたとき仙骨部体圧およびその分布範囲には比較的大きい個人差がみられた．しかし最高体圧を示す部位は正中線上に位置する傾向を示した．ヤコビー線を基準としてみたとき仰臥位における最高体圧部位は腹臥位における仙骨突出部より0～5cm下部であった．

4．本装置は，従来の測定器と比べて微小部分の測定に適し，測定速度が速い．しかも，経時的な多点測定が可能であるなど多くの優れた点を備えていると考えられる．

Abstract

　A method employing the continuous measurement of body pressure, skin temperature and relative humidity in the air adjacent to the skin was investigated. In order to make clear the relation to the occurrence of decubitus ulcer, a measuring apparatus was devised. This apparatus enabled us to measure simultaneously local body pressure in 20 points, skin temperature in 6 points and relative humidity in 4 points at 10 second intervals.

　Distribution of body pressure around the sacrum for 6 healthy adult women was measured using this apparatus. A linear set of 20 sensors was put on a Jacobi line as a base line, and it was shifted downward in succession at 2 cm intervals. Thus, a measurement totalling 300 points in the area of 40cm×30cm was taken.

　The region of high body pressure coincided with the sacrum area. The highest value and the area with a pressure of over 100 g/cm2 differed with the subject though the portion with the highest value was on the median line in many cases.

　The measurements with the highest value were 0-5 cm lower when measured in dorsal position than in prone position.

　The measuring apparatus employed in this report has many advantages compared with a customary instrument. It is suitable for a measurement in narrow area, and it is especially capable for a rapid and continuous multi-point measurement.