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要旨
血液透析患者の心理的適応に影響する要因を明らかにすること,また透析スタッフへの満足度や導入時のインフォームドコンセントが心理的適応に影響するかについて検討した.透析歴1~5年の196名の外来血液透析患者を対象に,種々の要因についてのスケールを用いて面接式のアンケート調査を行い,ステップワイズ重回帰分析にて検討した.
心理的適応には,「ストレスの認知状態」(β=-0.389),「友人からの手段的支援」(β=0.236),「年齢」(β=-0.230),「精神健康状態」,「導入時どの程度納得していたか」が影響しており,これらの変数で分散の46.8%が説明された.また,有職者の心理的適応は無職の患者より有意によかった.
血液透析患者の心理的適応を高めるためには,医療提供者は患者の心理状態を十分に把握してストレスの対処に努めること,社会復帰を促して友人や周囲からの支援を受けやすくすること,導入時に患者が十分納得するように必要な医療情報を与えることが重要であると思われた.
Abstract
This study examined various factors that influence psychological adjustment to haemodialysis. It included examining the influence of 1) patients' understanding of the need for treatment-“Informed consent” and 2) patients' satisfaction with the way they were treated by dialysis staff. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 196 patients who had been on haemodialysis for 1-5 years.
Stepwise multiple-regression analysis revealed that “perception of stress”(β=-0.389) was the most influencing factor, followed by “support from friends”(β= 0.236), “age”(β=-0.230),“mental state” and “giving initial sufficient consent to starting haemodialysis”. These variables explained 46.8% of variance in psychological adjustment to haemodialysis in these patients. In addition, patients who were working had significantly better psychological adjustment than those who were not.
The study found that psychological adjustment to haemodialysis improved when, a) medical staff have a thorough understanding of patients' mental states and help them to cope with stress, b) when they encourage patients to maintain contact with friends and get their support, and c) when they make great effort to get patients to understand the need for haemodialysis at the outset.
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