摂食障害のある子どもをもつ親の適応行動過程に関する研究

Adaptation Process among Parents of Children with Eating Disorders

要旨

　本研究の目的は，摂食障害のある子どもをもつ親の行動や変化の過程を明らかにすることである．摂食障害のある子どもの父親3名，母親11名を対象に半構成的面接を実施し，得られた面接記録を質的帰納的に分析した．その結果，《仲良し家族を実践する》《変化に囚われる》《過去と決別する》《成長を積み重ねる》《腰を据える》《情報を求める》《医療とつながる》という7つのカテゴリーからなる親の適応行動過程が明らかになった．適応行動過程とは，子どもの身体的変化，人格の変化，日常生活の変化を認識し，子どもの変化を受け入れ，親自身が子どもの変化に合わせて親役割を遂行する成長過程を意味していた．その過程の中で，親の視点が過去から未来へと変化し，さらに身体的症状や拒食や過食などの外面的に見えるものから，感情や気持ちなどの内面的なものに向けられるようになり，価値観の変化や視点の広がりがみられた．親の適応行動過程を促進させることは，摂食障害のある子どもの回復を促進させることが考えられた．

Abstract

　The purpose of the present study was to clarify a process among parents of children with eating disorders. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on 3 fathers and 11 mothers of children with eating disorders and the interview records were qualitatively and inductively analyzed. The results revealed that the adaptation process of parents consisted of the following 7categories：“being a happy family,”“being caught in changes,”“separating from the past,” “continuing to grow,”“being poised,”“seeking information,”and “associating with medical care.”The adaptation process among parents was found to be a process incorporating the recognition of physical changes, personality changes, and changes in the daily life of children, the acceptance of such changes, and the growth of the parents themselves along with the changes of their children.During this process,the viewpoint of parents shifted from the past to the future, and from visible phenomena, such as symptoms and changes, to internal phenomena, such as emotions and feelings. Therefore, the results of the present study indicate that an individual's sense of values changes and his or her perspective expands. It was assumed that providing nursing support encouraging the adaptation process of parents facilitates the recovery of children with eating disorders.