日本の医療機関における作業療法士による社会的処方の実践状況とその役割—スコーピングレビュー

The state of intervention and role of social prescribing by occupational therapists in Japan: A scoping review

要旨：日本への導入が進む日本版社会的処方における作業療法士（以下，OT）の役割の示唆を得るために，医療機関で行われる日本のOTの社会的処方に類似する支援の実情を調査した．日本のOTは，社会的処方という用語を使わずに，健康面に加え社会的な課題を抱く入院・外来患者に対して，心身機能，活動や参加や作業に関する評価を多角的に用いて健康および社会的ニーズ特定し，ニーズを満たす非医療資源への参加定着を支援していた．日本のOTは既に社会的処方に類似する支援に取り組んでおり，日本の社会的処方においてOTも社会的課題に関するニーズを引き出す役割や，リンクワーカーの役割等を担える可能性が示唆された．

　To gain insight into the role of occupational therapists (OTs) in Japanese social prescribing (SP), which is currently being introduced to Japan, we explore how Japanese OTs implement interventions, including the concept of SP in medical institutions. Japanese OTs identify the health and social needs of inpatients and outpatients with health and social problems using multifaceted evaluations of physical and mental functions, activities, participation, and occupation, without using the term “social prescribing.” They support participation and retention in non-medical resources that meet identified needs. Japanese OTs have already been providing similar support related to social prescribing, and they could play a role in eliciting the needs associated with social issues in Japanese social prescribing and serve as link workers.