地域での生活支援に必要な作業療法学生の卒業時コンピテンシー項目の検討—デルファイ法を用いた調査から

Utilizing the Delphi survey technique to reveal competency items required for occupational therapy students to support a client's life in the community

要旨：本研究の目的は地域での生活支援に必要な作業療法学生の卒業時コンピテンシー項目を明らかにすることである．デルファイ法を3回実施し，地域実践作業療法士87名から51項目を作成した．必要度が75％以上の項目は，自己の健康管理，対象者のリスク管理，対象者と家族を含む支援者との信頼関係構築に関する項目など19項目，51〜75％未満の項目は，家族や他職種との協働や作業療法過程，住環境や地域環境に関する項目など22項目，50％以下の項目は，近隣住民を含む連携，地域資源の情報収集に関する項目など10項目であった．卒業時に地域で生活支援を行うためには，これらの修得に向けた教育内容を取り入れる必要性が示唆された．

　The purpose of this study was to identify the required competency items for occupational therapy students to support a client's life in the community. The three-round Delphi survey was conducted. The results of the final round revealed 51 competency items based on an expert panel of 87 community-based clinical occupational therapists. 19 competency items were required at the 75%-and-higher level such as the items related to self-health management, risk management for the client, and constructing the belief-relationship between the client and their supporters including the family members. The 22 competency items were required at the 51%-and-higher and 75%-and-lower levels such as the items related to collaborations with the community-based occupational therapist and the client's family members or the other formal professionals in a community, the process in the occupational therapy approach, and the environments in the residential home or community. The remaining 10 required competency items were items related to collaborations with the community-based occupational therapist and informal care providers including the client's neighbors and collecting information about social resources in the community. The results suggest that the identified competency items in the current study are required in community-based clinical occupational therapy, and thus should be part of occupational therapy education.