身体障害者施設入所者に対するパソコンを使用したプログラムが作業遂行及び健康感に与える効果

A computer-based program for residents of facilities for persons with physical disabilities : The effects on occupational performance and feelings of health

要旨：本研究の目的は，身体障害者施設入所者が意味のある作業に取り組むことにより，作業に対する遂行度，満足度，達成度，健康感が向上するかを明らかにすることである．身体障害者施設入所者38名を初級と中級に分け，彼らが興味を持つパソコン教室を週1回90分，4ヵ月間実施した．その結果，両グループにおいてCOPMの遂行度と満足度で有意差が認められ，GASでも予想以上の成果が得られた．SF-8^TMでは，全体的健康感と日常役割機能(精神)において有意差が認められた．その要因は，参加者の興味に合ったプログラムを実施してパソコン使用における問題に個別に対応し，プログラムによる成果を明確にしたことであると考える．

　Against the background of the general role of therapists in improving physical function in individuals with physical disabilities, the special contribution of occupational therapy needs to be demonstrated by empirical research. The purpose of this study is to explore the improvement of performance, satisfaction, attainment of occupation and health-related quality of life (QOL) through a program engaging in meaningful occupation for residents of facilities for persons with physical disabilities. Thirty-eight participants were recruited from residents of such facilities. Participants attended a computer education program for 4 months, 90 minutes per week. The program was designed using results from the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), and was divided into a beginners' course (n=20) and an intermediate course (n=18) on the basis of the residents' previous experience using computers. COPM, Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) and SF-8 were used to measure performance and satisfaction with using the computer, attainment of computer skills and health-related QOL. These measurement tools were used before and after the program. There were significant pre- and post-program differences in performance and satisfaction in the COPM in both courses. Improvements were shown in the GAS in both courses. There was a significant pre- and post-program difference in the General Health Perception and Role of Emotion in the SF-8. Using computers as a meaningful occupation for residents of facilities for persons with physical disabilities improved their occupational performance and feelings of health. Individualization of the program and a focus on the interests of participants and visible outcomes contributed to the positive effects.