高齢者の「食事チェック表」—その信頼性と妥当性の検討

Study about reliability and validity of a "feeding checklist" for elderly

要旨：食事の評価は，従来自立度や介助量によって測定するものが主であり，対象者を中心とした遂行度の測定や作業療法プログラムに直接用いられる評価表は少ない．本研究では，その両者を加味した高齢者の「食事チェック表」について78名の高齢者を対象とした調査を行い，その項目の再検討と信頼性および妥当性の検証を行った．主成分分析による項目再検討後の「食事チェック表」は，評価項目間に高い内的整合性(Cronbach's α=0.94)を認め信頼性が確認できた．また，既存の評価法との間に有意な相関関係(p＜0.001)を認め，「食事チェック表」は食事を総合的かつ分析的に評価していることの妥当性を有すると考えられた．

　Most feeding evaluation tools measure degrees of independence and care needed, but there are few evaluation tools that evaluate performance skills or incorporate occupational therapy programs. We developed evaluation methods for feeding that included both performance skills evaluation and incorporated occupational therapy programs.

　We evaluated 78 elderly people by inspecting the validity and reliability of a "feeding checklist". At first we reviewed an item by principal component analysis. The results showed internal consistency between the evaluation items (Cronbach's alpha = 0.94) in ten items in a "feeding checklist". It was also shown by FIM (feeding) (Spearman's rank correlation=0.49〜0. 85, p＜0.001) and N-ADL (eating) (Spearman's rank correlation=0.54〜0.84, p＜0.001) correlations that a "feeding checklist" is valid.

　The "feeding checklist" has acceptable validity and reliability, and could possibly be used to assess feeding performance skills in elderly people.