集団作業療法における「昔話」の利用

The clinical use of fables in group occupational therapy

要旨：筆者は，精神科デイケアにおける小集団プログラムの中で，昔話を用いた「物語作り」を行っている．「昔話」には聞く者に対して夢や希望を与える力があり，殊にストーリーがハッピーエンドであるということは，問題解決への動機づけを高める効果があるものと思われる．また「物語作り」は，その作業を行う患者自身の自己洞察を助ける効果に加えて，この作業の特徴である「作業の入れ子構造」により，「物語作り」という作業そのものが治療的体験となりうるものと考察される．本稿では，その方法と効果について症例を通して報告する．

　This paper is an attempt to propose and explain the use of fables in occupational therapy. The technique consists of the following steps. (1) The occupational therapist as story-teller tells a patient's group about fables which include the motif of therapeutic materials. (2) Then items are found in their drawings from group work after listening to the fable. (3) Creating a new second half of the story based on the original fable by weaving the items into it. The purpose of this technique is to effectively focus on the individual themes of patients (i.e., the main problem in the patient's psychopathology) in occupational therapy by the use of fables. The therapeutic aspects were also discussed from theoretical points of view through works made by three patients.