幼児の人物画と運動企画能力との発達的関係について

The Developmental Relationship between the Scores of the Draw A Man Test and the Abilities of Motor Planning in Preschoolers

要旨：人物画に表象される身体図式の発達と運動企画の発達の関係を検討するために，3歳9カ月から6歳2ヵ月の園児38人を対象として，人物画を含む知覚—運動検査を実施した．その結果，人物画と運動企画および体性知覚の相関関係は、体性知覚よりも運動企画の方が強い影響を示すものであった．また，人物画は描画能力の検査と最も高い相関を示した．人物画の得点から低得点群と高得点群の2群に分け検討すると，低得点群では運動企画能力と相関がみられ，高得点群では相関がみられなかった．人物画は暦年齢や発達年齢の低い子どもたちにおける身体図式の評価として利用できることが示唆された．

　The purpose of the present study is to examine the developmental relationship between the ability to recognize body scheme and that of motor planning in prescoolers. Subjects were normal 38 preschoolers from 45 to 74 months in age, and went to the kindergarten in Sapporo City. In order to assess perceptual-motor function including the drawing a person, seven kinds of tests were used: motor planning, somatosensory function, recognition of body scheme, and drawing a picture.

　Results were as follows:

　1) A statistically significant correlation was found between the scores of the Draw A Man Test and the abilities of motor planning, however, there was no significant correlation with somatosensory functioning.

　2) The highest significant correlation was observed between the scores of the Draw A Man Test and the ability to drow a picture.

　3) Subjects were divided into high and low score groups using the Draw A Man Test. There was a statistically significant correlation between the score of the Draw A Man Test and the ability of motor planning in the low score group, however there was no correlation in the high score group.

　From these results, it is suggested that the Draw A Man Test could be useful to evaluate the ability to recognize body scheme in children especially in younger preschoolers.