現在の子どもの人物画—日本版ミラー幼児発達スクリーニング検査およびグッドイナフ人物画検査の標準化データとの比較検討

Recent drawings of human figures by typical children : An examination of the difference between recent and original data of the Japanese version of Miller Assessment for Preschoolers (JMAP) and Goodenough Draw a Man Test (DAM)

要旨：本研究の目的は，現在の子どもの人物画の状況を調査することにある．対象は3歳9ヵ月〜6歳8ヵ月までの定型発達児であり，JMAPに従い6群(Ⅲ〜Ⅷ群)の年齢群に分けた．方法は子どもが描いた人物画をJMAPとDAMの採点方法に従い算出し，標準化されたときのデータと比較した．163名の結果は，JMAPではⅦ群で今回のデータが有意に低い傾向がみられ，DAMではⅦ，Ⅷ群で発達指数100以下となった．JMAP，DAMとも多くの年齢群に性差が認められた他，年長児でも鼻がない，眉またはまつげがない，眼の形など描画に特徴が認められた．本研究により，人物画の評価を用いる場合，解釈を慎重にする必要性があることが示唆された．

　The purpose of this study was to investigate the human figures drawn by healthy children in recent years. Data from 163 healthy children between the ages of 3 years and 9 months and 6 years 8 months were used. Children were classified into 6 groups from stage III to VIII by age group of JMAP. The human figures drawn by children were scored with both JMAP and DAM. A data comparison analysis was conducted using the original data (JMAP 1989, DAM 1977) and the recent data. The recent JMAP data (2008) obtained a low score when compared with the original JMAP data in the VII age group. The DAM developmental quotient (DQ) of recent data was less than DQ100 in both the VII and VIII groups. There were significant differences between males and females in all ages. The pictures drawn recently were characterized by the presence of eyes, and some of them lacked noses, eyebrows or eyelashes in the older age group. The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to interpret with care the scores of DAM and JMAP for assessment.