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聴力が正常にもかかわらず聞き取り困難があり,聴覚情報処理障害(auditory processing disorder:APD)に関する評価を目的に来院した18歳以上の成人例について,背景要因別の聴覚情報処理特性について検討した.対象者を発達や精神面での診断名に基づき,注意欠陥障害(attention deficit disorder:ADD),広汎性発達障害(pervasive developmental disorder:PDD),精神障害,睡眠障害,発達性ディスレキシア,問題なしの6群に分類し,聞き取り困難の主訴と聴覚情報処理検査結果について分析した.この結果,主訴においてはADD群で聴覚的注意,PDD群で聴覚過敏の訴えが多かった.一方,聴覚情報処理検査においては,個人差が大きく,背景要因別の聴覚情報処理特性には大差がみられなかった.以上のことから,APDが疑われた症例に対する診断過程においては対象者の主訴を丁寧に分析したうえで,他覚的な手法を併用し,様々な可能性を視野に入れた鑑別を行うことが,本来の問題点を見出し,支援を行ううえで重要と考えられた.
We evaluated auditory processing characteristics of 32 adults suspected of auditory processing disorder(APD), whose main complaint was listening problems without accompanying hearing loss. The subjects were divided into the following six groups according to their medical and developmental backgrounds: 1) attention deficit disorder(ADD), 2) pervasive developmental disorder(PDD), 3) sleep disorder, 4) mental disorder, 5) developmental dyslexia, and 6) persons without developmental and mental disorders. Subjects with ADD complained about listening problems related to auditory attention, and subjects with PDD showed auditory hypersensitivity. The results of auditory processing evaluation tasks varied considerably within each group and no clear difference was found among the groups. In the differential diagnostic process of individuals suspected of APD, we should pay close attention to the nature of their main complaint, use the objective audiometric assessment, and confirm their backgrounds.
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