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◆要旨:降下性壊死性縦隔炎は予後不良な疾患であり,いったん発症すると死亡率約40%になるといわれている.今回,頸部膿瘍ドレナージで十分な改善が得られず,降下性壊死性縦隔炎をきたした2例に胸腔鏡下ドレナージを施行し,有効であったので報告する.[症例1]は56歳,男性.既往歴は糖尿病.1週間前から呼吸困難を自覚し,耳鼻科を受診した.喉頭浮腫,頸部腫脹を認め,CTにて頸部膿瘍と診断された.頸部ドレナージを施行し,抗生剤投与と洗浄を行ったが,縦隔炎に進行したため,当科に紹介となった.胸腔鏡下に上縦隔の膿瘍を解放し,背側の膿胸腔を掻爬,ドレナージした.術後10日目にドレーンを抜去し,縦隔炎の再燃なく38日目に退院となった.[症例2]は42歳,男性.既往歴は慢性リウマチ,糖尿病.1週間前より高熱と右半身痛,浮腫が出現し増強するため,救急外来を受診した.翌日,右下腿皮膚壊死が出現し,敗血症性ショックとなった.壊死性筋膜炎と診断し,皮膚切開,壊死組織除去術を施行した.全身状態は改善したものの,頸部膿瘍が出現し,ドレナージ後に縦隔炎に進行したため当科に紹介となった.胸腔鏡下に前縦隔の膿瘍を解放し,背側の膿胸を掻爬,ドレナージした.術後14日目にドレーンを抜去したが,縦隔炎の再燃はなかった.以上より胸腔鏡下ドレナージは降下性壊死性縦隔炎に対し,低侵襲かつ有効な治療法であると考えられた.
Descending necrotizing mediastinitis(DNM)is a severe disease with high mortality. We herein report two patients with DNM treated by video-assisted thoracoscopic drainage. Patient 1 : A 56-year-old man with diabetes mellitus(DM)was admitted to our hospital complaining of dyspnea and neck swelling for a week. The computed tomography(CT)scan showed the neck abscess and neck drainage was performed. However, the abscess extended to the upper and middle mediastinum on CT scan. Video-assisted thoracoscopic mediastinal drainage was performed. The thoracic drains were removed on the 10 th post-operative day(POD)and the patient was uneventfully discharged on the 38 th POD. Patient 2 : A 42-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis and DM consulted the emergency room of our hospital complaining of high-grade fever, systemic pain and edema for a week. A day after the admission, he went into septic shock caused by necrotizing fasciitis of the right leg and underwent surgical debridement. Although his general condition improved, he developed neck abscess. Neck drainage was performed. However, the abscess extended to the upper mediastinum and the patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic mediastinal drainage. The thoracic drains were removed on the 14th day and his course was uneventful. Conclusion : Video-assisted thoracoscopic mediastinal drainage for DNM is less invasive and is an effective method.
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