14．COVID-19のワクチン—開発状況から，作用機序，有効性，副反応まで

COVID-19 vaccines

COVIDワクチンはmRNAワクチンおよびウイルスベクターワクチンを中心に開発が進み，すでに上市されたものも複数ある。日本で接種中のmRNAワクチンは変異株も含め効果が高く，副反応も疼痛，発熱およびアナフィラキシーといった予想範囲内のものに留まっている。一方で，長期効果およびウイルスベクターワクチンで報告された血栓症のようなまれだが重大は有害事象については，今後の情報更新を待たざるを得ない。効果と安全性を十分に理解しつつ，広く早く接種が進むよう国を挙げた取り組みが必要である。

COVID vaccines are being developed continuously, several have already rolled out and are being administered all over the world. Comirnaty by Pfizer-BiONTech, the first and only approved COVID vaccine in Japan so far, shows a high vaccine efficacy as well as a good safety profile. Its effectiveness over a long period and against variant stains are still unknown. Rare and serious adverse effects like thrombotic diseases reported in viral vector vaccines are also potentially subject to be reported as well. Taking effectiveness and safety into account, a nationwide large and rapid immunization campaign is critically needed to subside epidemics in Japan.