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静脈栄養の発達により短腸症や,腸管運動障害などの腸管不全患者の生命予後は改善した。しかし,静脈栄養に関連した合併症が生命を脅かすことも少なくない。小腸移植は,この場合,非常に有効な外科的治療手段といえる。近年その成績は飛躍的に向上し,国内ですでに30例近く実施されている。2018年より保険適用が認められ,今後症例数は増加すると考えられる。麻酔管理は一般腹部手術に準じるが,ルート確保が最大の課題である。術中管理は癒着剝離に出血を伴う場合があるので,術中出血量に気を配り循環血液量に注意をする。腸管不全に苦しむ患者に対して安全に小腸移植を行うために周術期の安定した管理が必要である。
The development of parenteral nutrition improved the prognosis of patients with intestinal failure caused by short gut syndrome and intestinal motility disorders. However, complications related to parenteral nutrition are often life-threatening. Intestinal transplantation can be a very effective therapy in these patients. The outcomes after intestinal transplantation have improved dramatically recently, and nearly 30 procedures have already been performed in Japan. The number of cases is expected to increase in the future because national insurance coverage was approved in 2018. Anesthesia management is similar to general abdominal surgery, but as mentioned above, securing the route is the most important issue. Since intraoperative management may involve hemorrhage due to severe adhesions, it is necessary to pay meticulous attention to intraoperative blood loss and circulating blood volume. Stable perioperative management is required to safely perform intestinal transplantation in patients suffering from intestinal failure.
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