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本論では,認知症スクリーニングの概念を整理し,現状と課題を考察した。スクリーニングは診断とは異なり,早期発見や予防介入の入口である。指標として認知機能検査,画像解析(MRI・PET),血液バイオマーカー,遺伝子があるが,プレクリニカル段階では単一の強力な指標がなく,複数の弱識別因子の統合が必要である。今後は日本の脳ドックデータや血液検査技術を活用した低コストモデルの構築が望まれる。
Abstract
This review clarifies the concept of dementia screening and examines its current status and challenges. Screening differs from diagnostic assessment in that it serves as an entry point for early detection and preventive intervention. Current screening indicators include cognitive tests, imaging analyses (MRI and PET), blood biomarkers, and genetic factors. However, no single robust marker has been established for the preclinical stage, making the integration of multiple modestly discriminative indicators essential. Looking ahead, the development of low-cost screening models-leveraging Japan's brain dock datasets and advances in blood testing technologies-represents a promising direction for the field.

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