早産児の父親：突然の妊娠中断から緊急帝王切開まで

Fathers' Experience of Preterm Delivery: Their Infants Were Going to Be Born by Emergency Cesarean Section

はじめに

　はじめての出産は，家族構成の変化，夫婦から親へと家族の役割変化をもたらす発達的危機の1つである（Friedman，1998）。児が早産で出生した場合，発達的危機に加え，児の疾病，入院による状況的危機も加わる。このように，はじめての出産を早産で迎えた場合，両親は危機的状況に陥ることが予測される。

　しかし，産科・新生児領域において親に関する研究は，母児相互作用を中心とする母親を対象にしたものが中心である。父親は，親子・夫婦相互作用，および養育・介護者として児・母親と深く関わり，児・母親の回復力・治癒力に強い影響を与える。このため，看護婦・助産婦は，父親を患者のサブシステムとしてとらえ，審査し援助の方向を探り，家族看護として発展させる必要がある。

　A descriptive case study was undertaken to explore first time fathers' experience during their partner's emergency Cesarean Section. The group chosen for the research was Japanese first time fathers whose newborns were going to be born as preterm.

　Eight native Japanese fathers were recruited to participate in this study. Data was gathered by loosely structured interview. The data was divided two stages such as “recognized some things happen” “during treatment and Cesarean section”. At the stage of “recognized some things happen”, elements of emotion were found to be feelings of shock, anxiety, guilt and calm. At the stage of “during treatment and Cesarean section”, elements of emotion were relief, anxiety, helplessness and anger. Factors which influenced these emotion were father's own, wife, baby and medical facilities/medical staff. The result shows that nurses/midwives provide both effective and hinder care for the participants. Effective nursing care was that nurses encouraged the participants and made warmth atmosphere. On the other hand, the participants felt anger because nurses did not care the participants' existence. From the result of this study, nurses/midwives must recognize that fathers are object of caring as family nursing. Fathers should be provided opportunity to be involved in childbirth as the family event.