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要旨
〔目的〕本研究の目的は,病院に就職して1年目の新卒看護師が臨床でどのように学び方を獲得しているのか,またそれを促進する要因は何かを明らかにすることであった。
〔方法〕研究参加者は,新卒看護師として病院に就職して2年目の看護師であり,臨床経験1年目の学び方の獲得に関わる経験を語ることができた看護師11名であった。データ産出には,半構造化インタビューを用い,質的記述的分析を行った。
〔結果〕データ分析の結果,臨床での学び方の獲得に関わる経験として,23サブカテゴリと9カテゴリが抽出され,その内容から『戸惑う時期』『学びが促進される時期』『学び方がわかる時期』にわけられた。また学び方の獲得を促進する要因として,9サブカテゴリと6カテゴリが抽出され,これらは新卒看護師の要因と環境の要因にわけられた。
〔考察〕新卒看護師が臨床で学び方を獲得するためには,戸惑う時期を乗り越えるレジリエンス,安心して学べる人的環境を作る対人関係スキルが必要である。また組織の側には,新卒看護師の組織社会化を促す働きかけが必要である。
[Purpose] The purposes of this study were to identify how newly graduated nurses in their first year of practice in hospitals acquire competencies for learning to learn and what factors facilitate the acquisition of the competencies.
[Method] Eleven nurses in their second year of hospital practice who could talk about their learning-related experiences in the first year of practice participated in this study. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews and analyzed with a qualitative descripted method.
[Results] All study participants were women aged between 22 and 25 years, with a mean age of 23.6 years. They worked at 4 hospitals. Regarding learning experiences, 23 subcategories and 9 categories emerged from the data. The categories were grouped into 3 phases: “Perplexing phase”, “Facilitating learning phase”, and “Understanding learning phase”. Regarding the related factors of learning, 11 subcategories and 6 categories emerged from the data. The categories were grouped into 2 factors: a newly-graduate nurses' factor and an environmental factor.
[Discussion] Newly graduated nurses need to have a resilience to overcome the “Perplexing phase” to acquire competencies for learning to learn. They also need human relations skills to create an environment which they can learn smoothly at hospitals. Hospitals need to have approaches to facilitate organizational socialization for newly-graduated nurses.
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