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要旨
〔目的〕本研究の目的は,Appreciative Inquiry(AI)の立場から,急性期病院に就職して1年目の新卒看護師が臨床でどのようにうまく学んでいるのかを明らかにし,臨床での学びを促進する方法を検討することであった。
〔方法〕研究参加者は,新卒看護師として病院に就職した1年目に,うまく学べた臨床経験2年目の看護師11名であった。データ産出には,半構造化インタビューを用い,質的記述的分析を行った。
〔結果〕データ分析の結果,臨床での学びの経験として,23サブカテゴリと9カテゴリが抽出され,その内容から『戸惑いの時期』『学びが促進される時期』『学び方がわかる時期』にわけられた。また学びの影響要因としては,9サブカテゴリと6カテゴリが抽出され,これらは新卒看護師の要因と環境の要因にわけられた。
〔考察〕新卒看護師が臨床でうまく学ぶためには,戸惑いの時期を乗り越えるレジリエンス,安心して学べる人的環境を作る対人関係スキルが必要である。また組織の側には,新卒看護師の組織社会化を促す働きかけが必要である。
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to explore the learning-related experiences of newly graduated nurses in their first year of practice in acute care hospitals and to consider how to facilitate their learning. This study focused on the positive aspects of the learning-related experiences.
[Method] Eleven nurses in their second year of hospital practice participated in this study. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews and analyzed with a qualitative descripted method.
[Results] All study participants were women aged between 22 and 25 years, with a mean age of 23.6 years. They worked at 4 hospitals: one was a university hospital, two were city hospitals, and one was a national hospital. Regarding learning experiences, 23 subcategories and 9 categories emerged from the data. The categories were grouped into 3 phases: “Perplexing phase”, “Facilitating learning phase”, and “Understanding learning phase”. Regarding the related factors of learning, 11 subcategories and 6 categories emerged from the data. The categories were grouped into 2 factors: a newly-graduate nurses' factor and an environmental factor.
[Discussion] Newly graduated nurses need to have a resilience to overcome the “Perplexing phase” and human relations skills to create an environment which they can learn smoothly at acute care hospitals. Hospitals need to have approaches to facilitate organizational socialization for newly-graduated nurses.
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