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IgG4関連腎症は中高年の男性に好発する.患者の検尿異常や腎機能障害は比較的軽度のため,他臓器のIgG4関連疾患を契機に発見されることが多い.検査所見では,血清IgGやIgG4,IgE高値が特徴であり,低補体血症を高率に認める.画像的に両腎は腫大し,造影不良領域が腎実質にまだら状に偏在する.病理組織学的には尿細管間質性腎炎を呈する.リンパ球やIgG4陽性形質細胞が間質に高度に浸潤し,これらを取り囲むように本症に特徴的な線維化が観察される.病変はまだら状に分布し,正常部との境界は明瞭である.また稀に病巣が被膜を超えてみられることもあり,生検の際には複数の組織を採取することが重要である.ステロイド反応性はよく,予後は比較的良好であるが,他臓器に再発する例もあり,治療法の確立が急がれる.
IgG4-related nephropathy (IgG4RN) predominantly found in middle-aged men. Urinalysis abnormalities and renal dysfunction are usually mild. Thus IgG4RN is often found in the diagnostic process regarding IgG4-related systemic diseases. The laboratory examinations reveal a frequent rate of hypocomplementemia and elevation of serum IgG, IgG4 and IgE. In imaging studies, the bilateral kidney show diffuse swelling. In CT scan low-density areas under contrast-medium enhancement are distributed patchily in the renal cortex. Renal pathology demonstrates tubulointerstitial nephritis with massive infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells and lymphocytes into the interstitium. The marginal lines between lesions and normal portions are clear. Characteristic severe fibrosis appears according to the progression of the disease. The lesions are rarely noted in the pericortical regions.
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