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I.緒言
アブミ骨の先天異常は耳小骨の中ではもつとも頻度が高いとされている。その診断は臨床的には先天性伝音難聴として一括され,鼓室開放によつて始めて確定されるものであり,その治療のもつとも基本的な術式はstapedectomyである。最近otomicrosurgeryの進歩につれて先天性伝音難聴耳に対する治療が盛んに試みられるようになり,その治療成績が数多く報告されるようになつた。われわれもキヌタ骨欠損を主とした症例やmonopode stapes症例などの報告1)をしたが,今回アブミ骨奇形を主所見とする症例の臨床成績を検討し,若干の知見とともに現在残されている問題点について考察を試みたので報告する。
Stapes anomaly observed in 6 cases, 7 ears, isreported. These cases consisted of a case of osseous fixation of a normal stapes, 2 cases of defective crura with the movable plate, a case of defective crura with a fixed plate, a case of doughnut typed stapes with defection of the oval window and 2 cases of total defection of the oval window.
In 5 cases stapedectomy with fenestration at the oval window was carried out. Hearing gain after the operation was satisfactory in 1 case, whereas considerable in 2 cases but almost negligible in 2 cases.
An attempt was made to determine the cause of failure of hearing recovery. And it was found that the hearing gain was unsatisfactory when the fenestration made in the oval window is smaller than one half of the size of that of the normal. In other words the size of the fenestration should not be less than 2 mm×1 mm because the normal dimension of the foot plate is about 3 mm×1.5 mm.
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