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I.はじめに
近年脳血管障害に対する診断技術の向上と普及に伴い,日常臨床で未破裂脳動脈瘤を治療する機会は増える傾向にある.この未破裂脳動脈瘤に対しては,破裂予防を目的に根治術を念頭においた外科治療が優先する治療であるが,術後神経症状の出現または悪化する症例が稀ならず存在することも事実である9,11,17,20).われわれも術中脳圧排や穿通枝を含む動静脈に充分注意して処置したにもかかわらず,術後一過性の麻痺や失見当識などが出現した症例を経験している.術者にとってはいわゆる“罪の意識のない”これら術後悪化例では,通常問題とならない程度の軽微な手術侵襲が神経症状の悪化を引き起こすと考えられ,術前に脳組織の脆弱性または可逆性を知ることは手術適応を決定するうえで重要な問題といえる.
今回われわれは未破裂脳動脈瘤患者の外科治療にあたり問題となる危険因子について,主に脳循環の立場から検討を加えたので報告する.
Abstract
The risks of surgical treatment for unruptured in-tracranial aneurysms, as well as the significance of eva-luating cerebral blood flow (CBF), are here reported. Out of 72 patients who underwent unruptured aneurysm surgery without such complications as occlu-sion of the main trunk or perforating arteries, or brain contusion, and who according to CT scans, did not have new lesions related to the operations, 18 patients (25%) developed neurological deficits postoperatively.In 17 of these 18 patients, postoperative neurological deficits (frontal sign : 7, paresis : 4, and seizure : 6 cases) disappeared within 2 weeks following the opera-tions. In the other patient, who was treated for subcor-tical hematoma in the left temporal lobe before aneurysm surgery, permanent speech disturbance appeared postoperatively. In the 18 patients with post-operative neurological deficits, the mean CBF value (36.2ml/100g/min) was statistically lower than that in the patients (46.2ml/100g/min) who had no postopera-tive neurological deficits (p < 0.001) . The rate of the patients with lower CBF values who developed post-operative neurological deficits, was statistically higher than that of patients with CBF values greater than 40m1/100g/min (p< 0.002).
In the patients with lower CBF values, common op-erative procedures for unruptured aneurysms such as craniotomy and mild brain retractions, may damage brain tissue. Careful perioperative management is needed for patients who undergo unruptured aneurysm surgery, because a lower CBF value may represent the degree of brain fragility.
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