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Ⅰ.はじめに
ギリアデル®脳内留置用剤7.7mg(一般名:carmustine)は,ニトロソウレア系アルキル化剤であるcarmustineを生体内分解性ポリマー基材に含んだ脳内留置用の徐放性製剤である.組織深達度は数mmであり,脳内留置後約3〜6週間かけて徐放され,臨床用量であれば2〜14日以内に放出される7,17).局所化学療法であるため,全身化学療法に比べ,摘出腔表面に浸潤もしくは残存する腫瘍への直接的作用と全身毒性の回避を利点とする8,20,23).本邦では第Ⅰ/Ⅱ相臨床試験2)を経て2012年9月に国内での製造販売が承認され,2013年1月に初発および再発悪性神経膠腫に対し保険適応となった.
初発悪性神経膠腫に対する標準治療である腫瘍摘出後放射線治療・temozolomide(TMZ)併用療法に本剤を追加することで,さらなる生命予後の改善が期待されるが1,8,10,12),一方で再発群に対しては脳浮腫や囊胞形成,創部治癒不全,感染などの有害事象の頻度が有意に増加したとの報告もある16).
筆者らの施設へは同年4月に導入され,悪性神経膠腫の手術治療に積極的に使用している.ギリアデル®使用開始後の初期経験をまとめ,特にこれまで報告されている有害事象が起こりやすい要因に関して後方視的に解析して検討した.
Background:In Japan, patients with malignant glioma have been treated with BCNU wafers(Gliadel®)since January 2013. Several adverse events(AEs)associated with implantation of BCNU wafers, including cerebral edema or cyst formation, are recognized. Here, we report a retrospective review of the experience with implantation of BCNU wafers in our institutions and our findings regarding the risk factors for the AEs.
Methods:We reviewed the records of patients with malignant glioma who were implanted with BCNU wafers between April 2013 and September 2014. Their AEs were examined clinically and radiologically and evaluated according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events(CTCAE)grading. For investigating the association between risk factors and incidence of AEs, histological diagnosis, extent of resection, and period of BCNU wafers implantation surgery were selected as possible risk factors.
Results:Twenty-one patients were included in this investigation. There were no associations among incidence of AEs and histological diagnosis or extent of tumor resection. However, regarding the period of BCNU wafers implantation, additional resection for newly diagnosed tumors and resection for recurrent tumors tended to increase the rate and severity of AEs, especially cerebral edema, compared to primary resection.
Conclusion:In cases of BCNU wafers implantation, the incidence and degree of AEs might increase if additional resection for newly diagnosed tumors or resection for recurrent tumors is performed. Our investigation revealed that AEs associated with implantation of BCNU wafers tend to occur in the repeated glioma surgery.
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