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Shinkei Kenkyu no Shinpo Volume 9, Issue 4 （December 1965）

神経研究の進歩 9巻4号（1965年12月発行）

Japanese English

特集神経シンポジウム

シンポジウムⅣ　神経組織の細胞内顆粒

脳subcellular unitsの生化学的研究 Biochemical Studies on Subcellular Units of Guinea Pig Brain Cortex 植村慶一 ¹ Keiichi Uyemura ¹ ¹慶応大学医学部生理 ¹Department of Physielogy, Keio University School of Medicine pp.757-760

発行日 1965年12月25日 Published Date 1965/12/25

DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1431904244

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Abstract 文献概要
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1）脳組織の細胞内成分の分画法を検討し，核，ミエリン，ミトコンドリア，神経末端，小胞，ミクロゾーム，上清の7分画を得た。ミエリン分画および神経末端分画は脳組織で特徴的に得られるものである。

　2）脳組織より得られる核は比重が比較的軽いものが多いこと，ミクロゾームより得られるリボゾームはMg^＋＋に対する感受性が多いことが特徴である。

　3）遊離のアミノ酸およびグルタミン酸を中心とする酵素系の細胞内での分布を調ベアミノ酸と化学的伝達物質の関係およびグルタミン酸代謝系の細胞内の局在について検討した。

The fractionation method and biochemical charac-teristics of subcellular units of guinea pig braincortex were studied.

The brain tissue was homogeneized in 10 volumesof 0.32M sucrose solution with a teflon homogenei-zer in the cold. And the differential and densitygradient centrifugations were carried out as shownFig. 1. Then seven subcellular fractions wereseparated, that is nuclei, myelins, mitochondria,nerve endings, vesicles, microsomes and supernatantfractions. Both myelins and nerve endings fractionswere charactristically obtained from brain tissue.

To examine purities of their subcellular units,its electronmicroscopic patterns and distributionsof total nitrogen, nucleic acids and lipids werestudied. It was found that majority of nucleiobtained from brain tissue have relatively lowdensity and ribosomes isolated from brain micro-somes were more sensitive to Mg ions than thosefrom other tissues. Amino acid distributions onthese fractions were also determined.

Glutamic acid, aspartic acid and glutamine weremainly in supernatant portion. On the other hand,r-aminobutyric acid and N-acetyl aspartic acid werefound partly on the particulates. So, These latteramino acids might have relation to transmittersubstances in synaptic regions.

The enzymes which concerned with glutamatemetabolism in the brain tissue were located mainlymitochondria and supernatant, for instance, glutamicdecarboxylase, glutamine synthetase, glutamotrans-ferase, r-aminobutyrate transaminase and so on.

Succinic dehydrogenase, glutamic dehydrogenaseand glutaminase were strictly associated wite mito-chondrial fraction. These results indicated thatmetabolic compartment for glutamate metabolismmight be formed in the brain cells.