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I.緒言
1908年Horsley & Clarke27)が動物脳に対する定位脳手術を発表して,脳深部の特定部位に侵襲を加え,しかも頭蓋ならびに脳髄の他の部に対する侵襲を最少限にとどめることができることを明らかにしたが,人脳においては,頭蓋・脳相関(craniocerebral relationship)における個人差が大きいことと,誤差による手術の失敗が許されないことのために、長い間人脳に対するそのような試みは不可能とされてきた。
1947年Spiegel & Wycis1)は,人脳における頭蓋・脳相関の個人差の問題を気脳写を用いて解決しようとした。すなわち,脳室系とくに第3脳室内の特定の基準点を選定して,その基準点から,それに比較的近い位置にある基底核の位置を計測することが,誤差をすくなくする点で,きわめて合理的であるというもので,それにより初めて人脳に対ずる定位脳手術が可能となつた。それ以来,多くの人達により,その手術方法が検討され,その手術装置もつぎつぎと改良され,また手術の対象とたる疾患も,不随意運動症以外にも広く応用されるようになつてきた。
Spatial interrelationships among the fasciculus thalamicus (H1), fasciculus lenticularis (H2) and ansa lenticularis of the Forel-H field and also neighbouring basal ganglia such as the thalamus, corpus Luysi, nucleus ruber, substantia nigra, globus pallidus, putamen and nucleus caudatus were investigated in relation to the foramen of Monro and the mid-point of Ca-Cp line as standard reference points in 15 brains of Japanese cadavers, and three-dimensional atlas of those basal ganglia was made by graphic method. Furthermore the values of variations of their location were calculated.
1) Extension of the Forel-H field is 10 mm in sagittal direction, 12mm in lateral and 8 mm in vertical with its center 2 mm posterior and 4 mm inferior to the mid-point of Ca-Cp line and 8 mm lateral from the midline in average. Individual variation of the H-field is less than that of other basal ganglia. The positional location of the field of the author's cases is 3 mm more posterior and 3 mm more inferior in average than that of Schaltenbrand-Bailey's atlas.
2) Nucleus ventralis lateralis of the thalamus is located in the area of 1 mm anterior, 3.5 mm posterior, 16mm superior and 1 mm inferior to the mid-point of Ca-Cp line and 5. 5-15. 5 mm lateral from the mid line in most of the cases.
3) The value of positional variations of the basal ganglia may become changed as the reference point is changed. Therefore, by selecting the reference point closer to the target point, anatomical deviation cart be minimized so that the stereotaxic procedure may be more accurate and correct.
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