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Current approaches to cerebral lateralization of language Kyoko Suzuki 1 1Division of Neu-ropsychology, Department of Disability Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Keyword: 優位半球 , dominant hemisphere , 側性化 , lateralization , 利き手 , handedness , アミタールテスト , Amytal test , Wada test , てんかん , epilepsy pp.771-780
Published Date 2003/10/10
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1431100361
  • Abstract
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 Many cognitive functions are lateralized to one cerebral hemisphere to a certain degree. As language is one of the most clearly lateralized functions, it is important to evaluate the lateralization of language in individual patients before surgical treatment.

 The intracarotid amobarbital, or Wada test has been the standard for language lateralization. Many alternative techniques are now applied to studies on language lateralization, which are divided into two groups. The first group includes transcranial magnetic stimulation and cortical electric stimulation, which indicate language lateralization by suppressing neuronal activity on local areas and assessing the patient's ability to perform language tasks. The second group includes fMRI, PET, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, and functional transcranial Doppler sonography, which detect, directly or indirectly, neuronal activity associated with performance of language tasks.

 Although review of the previous studies revealed that language dominance determined by the alternative techniques except electroencephalography was in fair agreement with the Wada test, the majority reported less than 100%concordance between the Wada test and the other paradigms. In addition, considerable variations were observed associated with task competence or age of disease onset. Cut-off point between left-and right-dominance was determined depending on the task and parameters in each study. Reliable distinction between patients with unilateral language dominance and those with mixed language dominance was not always possible by these methods. Considering these limitations, we cannot put sole reliance on one of these alternative techniques at present.

 Combined analysis of data obtained from two or more different techniques with appropriate clinical data, such as neuropsychological tests and structural MRI, can reduce the need for the Wada test. However, the Wada test and electric cortical stimulation, both of which are invasive but more direct methods, would be necessary for patients with the possibility of atypical language dominance and candidates for resection of a region close to language areas.


Copyright © 2003, Igaku-Shoin Ltd. All rights reserved.

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電子版ISSN 1882-1243 印刷版ISSN 0001-8724 医学書院

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