アルコール依存症治療薬

Pharmacological Treatment for Alcohol Dependence

アルコール依存の薬物療法について，アルコール離脱の薬物療法，断酒や飲酒量減少の薬物療法，断酒後に持続する不眠の薬物療法に分類して解説した。断酒を目標とする場合にはアカンプロサートが第一選択薬であり，飲酒量減少を目標とする場合にはナルメフェンを使用できるが，いずれの場合も心理社会的治療と組み合わせることによって，より効果を発揮する。

Abstract

This review provides an overview of medications for the treatment of alcohol dependence. The medications were classified into three categories: medications for alcohol withdrawal, medications for maintaining abstinence from alcohol or reducing its consumption, and medications for insomnia in patients with alcohol dependence. Acamprosate is the first choice in maintaining abstinence, whereas to reduce drinking, nalmefene, which is available in Japan, is used. However, medications are not “stand-alone” treatments for alcohol dependence. Pharmacological treatments for maintaining abstinence and reducing drinking are effective only when used in conjunction with psychosocial treatment, such as cognitive and behavioral therapy for alcohol dependence.