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キメラ抗原受容体T細胞療法(CAR-T細胞療法)は,日本においてもCD19陽性B細胞性急性リンパ芽球性白血病とびまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫への適応が承認された。CAR-T投与では,サイトカイン放出症候群や,脳症,意識障害,失語,痙攣,運動麻痺,脳浮腫などさまざまな中枢神経合併症(CRES/ICANS)が生じ致命的ですらある。ここではCAR-T細胞療法の神経系合併症の全体像をまとめる。
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has recently approved for CD-19-positive B-cell malignancies, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in Japan. CAR-T therapy may develop cytokine release syndoromes as well as central nervous system complications (CRES/ICANS), including encephalopathy, consciousness distrubence, apahsia, seizure, motor weakness, and cerebral edema. Although the pathomechanism of CRES/ICANS remains unsolved, an appropriate intervention is important for patients. In addition, several chemotherapeutic agenets used before CAR-T cell therapy may also lead to the development of central nervous system disorders. Therefore, neurologists must be familiar with the complications of newly developed chemotherapies.
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