スポーツに潜む他者の動作の無意識的な影響

Implicit Effects of Other's Actions on One's Own Actions in Sports

他者動作の観察が自己動作に与える無意識的な影響を運動伝染と言い，2種類が存在する。1つ目の模倣運動伝染は，他者動作の単なる観察によって生じ，自己動作は他者動作を模倣するように変化する。2つ目の予測誤差運動伝染は，他者動作に対する予測誤差によって生じ，自己動作は予測誤差に依存して変化する。本論では，これらの運動伝染がどのような脳内プロセスによって生じ，アスリートの動作にいかに影響し得るのかを議論したい。

Abstract

Motor contagions are implicit effects of observed actions performed by another individual on one's own actions. There are two types of motor contagions. First, action-imitative contagions are induced simply by action observation and cause one's action to become similar to the observed action. Second, prediction error-induced contagions are induced only when the observation is accompanied by prediction errors- differences between the actions one observes and those he/she predicts. The change in his or her action depends on the prediction error. Based on the review of these two types of motor contagions in the literature, including the author's own studies, this article will further discuss possible neural mechanisms underlying them and how these motor contagions implicitly affect athletes during performance.