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初老期から老年期には多くの疾患ないし病態が認知症を呈する。本稿では,皮質性認知症の2大原因疾患であるアルツハイマー病と前頭側頭葉変性症について,その疾患概念の歴史的変遷,病理や画像所見を含めた診断的特徴,大脳皮質の局在認知機能からみた臨床症状と最近のトピックスについて概説した。
Abstract
Dementia manifests during the presenile and senile periods in many diseases and pathological conditions. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are the two main diseases in which cortical dementia is observed. FTLD includes frontotemporal dementia (FTD), progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA), and semantic dementia (SD). Cortical dementia has also been described in posterior cortical atrophy (CPA) and primary progressive non-fluent or logopenic aphasia (PNFLA). This article describes and discusses historical changes in the disease concept; diagnostic characteristics, including pathology and imaging analysis; clinical symptoms based on local cognitive function in the cerebral cortex; and other recent topics on dementia.
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