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水俣病は1956年,熊本県水俣市で発生が確認された。1965年,類似例が新潟県阿賀野川流域において確認され,新潟水俣病と呼ばれるようになった。いずれもアセトアルデヒド製造の過程で,触媒として用いられた無機水銀が有機化され,副生されたメチル水銀が魚貝類に濃縮され,これを喫食した住民が中毒症を発症した。本稿では新潟水俣病の歴史,臨床像,剖検所見,さらに認定基準の問題や治療について提示した。
Abstract
The Minamata disease was discovered in the Minamata region, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan, in 1956. Symptoms of this disease included cerebellar ataxia, sensory disturbance, narrowing of the visual field, and hearing and speech disturbances. In 1965, similar conditions were identified in persons living around the Agano River area, Niigata Prefecture, Japan and accordingly termed as the Niigata Minamata disease or the second Minamata disease. Both the diseases have been attributed to poisoning with methyl mercury that was generated during the production of acetaldehyde using mercury as a catalyst. The discharged methyl mercury accumulated in fishes and shellfishes and caused poisoning on consumption.
This review discusses the history, clinical presentation including atypical forms, and autopsy findings of the Niigata Minamata disease. In addition, it highlights the problems about criteria for official recognition and the therapeutic trial for this disease.
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