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Myasthenia Gravis with Anti-acetylcholine Receptor Antibody or Anti-muscle Specific Kinase Antibody Tetsuro Konishi 1 1Department of Neurology,National Hospital Organization Utano National Hospital Keyword: myasthenia gravis , anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody , anti-muscle specific kinase antibody , neuromuscular junction , pathophysiology pp.695-704
Published Date 2011/7/1
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1416100950
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Abstract

 Patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) are divided into 3 groups: anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive MG (AChR MG), anti-muscle specific kinase antibody-positive MG (MuSK MG), and AChR-and MuSK-negative MG (double seronegative MG; double SNMG). A recent study on the detection of low-affinity antibodies binding to AChR showed the presence of AChR antibodies in about 70% of double SNMG patients. There is accumulating evidence that double SNMG patients are similar to AChR-MG patients with respect to clinical features and thymic pathology. Since most MG patients are thought to belong to the AChR-MG or MuSK-MG group of patients, this article reviews the pathophysiology, clinical features, and treatments in these 2 groups of MG patients.

 The pathophysiology of AChR-MG is closely related to the abnormal thymic pathology,such as thymic hyperplasia or presence of thymoma,and thy(mo)mectomy is recommended in patients with generalized AChR-MG. On the contrary,little thymic abnormality in patients with MuSK-MG discourages thymectomy; however,MuSK-MG patients do respond to thymectomy and therefore studies to define the indications of thymectomy in MuSK-MG patients are required. The responses to cholinesterase inhibitors are poor in patients with MuSK-MG,and these patients tend to show hyperactivity to the Tensilon test,such as fasciculation of facial muscles and stuffy sensation in the throat. The adverse responses to a small dose of intravenous edrophonium chloride injection may support the clinical diagnosis of MuSK-MG. Further,only small doses of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are administered to patients with MuSK-MG in order to avoid cholinergic hyperactivity. In general,both types of MG patients respond well to treatments with immunosuppressants,including steroids,but some patients with MuSK-MG show persistant bulbar symptoms.


Copyright © 2011, Igaku-Shoin Ltd. All rights reserved.

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電子版ISSN 1344-8129 印刷版ISSN 1881-6096 医学書院

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