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ALS and Excitatory Amino Acid Hitoshi Aizawa 1 , Shin Kwak 2 1Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical College 2Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Keyword: ALS , AMPA receptor , GluR2 , RNA editing , ADAR2 pp.1117-1127
Published Date 2007/10/1
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1416100152
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Abstract

 AMPA receptor, one of ionotropic glutamate receptors, has been proposed to play a critical role to initiate the neuronal death cascade in motor neuron disease by an increase of Ca2 influx. There are at least two mechanisms to increase Ca2 influx through Ca2-permiable AMPA receptor: a decrease of RNA editing efficacy at the GluR2 Q/R site and a decrease of GluR2 level relative to AMPA receptor subunits. Deficient RNA editing of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR2 at the Q/R site is a primary cause of neuronal death and recently has been reported to be a tightly linked etiological cause of motor neuron death in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). On the other hand, relative low GluR2 level among AMPA receptor subunits seems to increase Ca2 permeability of motor neurons in familial ALS (ALS1) linked to mutated cupper-zinc superoxide dismutase gene (SOD1). AMPA receptor-mediated mechanism does not seem to play any role in death of motor neurons in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). From the molecular pathomechanism of sporadic ALS and ALS1, drugs which increase RNA editing efficacy at the GluR2 Q/R site could be a potent therapy for sporadic ALS, while AMPA receptor antagonists could prevent deterioration from ALS1.


Copyright © 2007, Igaku-Shoin Ltd. All rights reserved.

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電子版ISSN 1344-8129 印刷版ISSN 1881-6096 医学書院

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