先天色覚異常の色誤認の頻度

Frequency of the faulty color recognition in color vision deficiencies

要約　目的：先天赤緑色覚異常の色誤認の頻度と特徴を，色票に対する色名呼称検査により検討した。

対象と方法：20〜40歳の1型2色覚109人，2型2色覚255人，1型3色覚102人，2型3色覚209人，正常色覚48人に，4色調×12色相，および明度5段階の無彩色の色票を呈示し，基本色名11語に限定して呼称させた。

結果：誤答率は1型2色覚36.3％，2型2色覚29.6％，1型3色覚11.5％，2型3色覚8.3％，正常色覚1.0％で，2色覚，異常3色覚，正常色覚の順に高く，1型色覚のほうが2型色覚より高かった（p＜0.01）。

結論：先天色覚異常の色誤認の頻度と特徴を知ることは彼らの社会生活に有益で，眼科ではこれらの知見を受診者自身が理解し自覚するよう指導すべきである。

Abstract　Purpose: To report the frequency and characteristics of color confusion in congenital color defective persons by the color naming method.

Cases and Method: This study was conducted on 723 persons with ages ranging from 20 to 40. The series comprised 109 protanopes, 255 deuteranopes, 102 protanomalies, 209 deuteranomalies, and 48 persons with normal color vision. They were asked to choose the name of the color from 11 basic color names to identify 53 cards that included 12 hues with 4 tones and five phases of lightness in achromatic color.

Results: The erroneous answer rate was 36.3％ of protanope, deuteranope 29.6％, protanomaly 11.5％, deuteranomaly 8.3％, normal color vision 1.0％. It was highest from dichromat to anomalous trichromat to normal color vision（p＜0.01）. Protan was higher than deutan（p＜0.01）.

Conclusions: It is important for color defective persons to comprehend the frequency and characteristics of color confusion. They should be instructed to have a proper understanding of this knowledge.