色覚異常者の色誤認375人に対するアンケート調査Ⅰ

Faulty color recognition in congenitally color-defective subjects

　日常生活における色誤認の経験の有無とその具体例に関するアンケート調査を行った．対象は，入学時に色覚異常であることが判明している東京大学卒業生および在校生785人で，375人から解答がよせられた．

　色誤認の経験があると答えた者の比率は，異常三色型軽度，異常三色型，二色型の順に有意（＜0.01）に高くなったが，第一異常と第二異常の間には有意差は認められなかった．

　色誤認の具体例をその内容から色別および事柄別に分類した．それらは色覚異常者の三つの色覚特性，すなわちⓐ第一異常における長波長領域の感度低下，ⓑ混同色線上の色混同，ⓒ中性点付近の彩度低下で説明することが可能である．

Subjects with congenital color vision defects were questioned by mail whether and how they have en-countered faulty color recognition during their daily life. Out of a total of 785 undergraduates and alumni of University of Tokyo with color vision defects, 375 gave frank responses.

The incidence of faulty color recognition was cor-related with the degree of color vision defect, or mild anomalous trichromat, anomalous trichromat and di-chromat in the ascending order. No significant differ-ences were noted in the incidence between protanopes and deuteranopes.

The reported faulty color recognisition seemed to be due to three characteristic features in color vision deficiences : loss of sensitivity in long wavelengths in protanopes, color confusion along isochoromatic linesand low colorimetric purity near the neutral point.

Rinsho Ganka (Jpn J Clin Ophthalmol) 40(7) : 809-812,1986