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Problems about colored chalks for congenital color deficiencies Fumio Ishida 1 , Noriko Uchiyama 1 , Hidehiko Habu 1 , Yoshimasa Yano 1 , Tsutomu Uchiyama 1 , Kaoru Nakamura 2 1PASTEL,Civil Group of Color Deficiencies 2Dept of Ophthalmol,Tokyo Women's Med Univ Sch of Med pp.1799-1803
Published Date 2006/10/15
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1410100954
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Abstract. Purpose:To report visibility of letters written in color by color-deficient persons. Cases and Method:A total of 14 adults participated in this study. The series comprised 4 protanopes,5 deuteranopes,and 5 persons with normal color vision. They were asked to identify letters written on a dark-green blackboard with white chalk,fluorescent chalks and chalks for color deficiencies. Results:All persons with normal color vision gave correct answers. Dichromats had difficulty in distinguishing white from colored letters. They gave more wrong answers in naming letters written by fluorescent chalks and chalks for color deficiences than by conventional color chalks except for yellow. Letters written in red with chalks for color deficiencies were incorrectly named by all color-deficient persons. Conclusion:Congenitally color-deficient persons are not benefited by letters written with fluorescent chalks or chalks for color deficiencies. We advocate the use of white and yellow chalks only.


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